Великобритания/Great Britain (с переводом)
1. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. 2. They lie to the north-west of Europe. 3. The British Isles are separated from the continent by the narrow strait of water which is called the English Channel. 4. The United Kingdom consists of four parts. 5. England, the central part, occupies the most of the island of Great Britain. 6. To the west lies Wales and to the north the third part of the country, Scotland, is situated. 7. The fourth part is called the Northern Ireland and is located on the second island. 8. Each part has its capital. 9. The capital of England is London. Wales has Cardiff, Scotland has Edinburgh and the main city of the Northern Ireland is Belfast. 10. Great Britain is a country of forests and plains. 11. There are no high mountains in this country. 12. Scotland is the most mountainous region with the highest peak, Ben Nevis. 13. The rivers of Great Britain are not long. 14. The longest rivers are the Thames and the Severn. 15. The capital of the United Kingdom. London, stands on the bank of the Thames. 16. As the country is surrounded by many seas there are some great ports at the seaside: London, Glasgow, Plymouth and others. 17. Wales is a country of lakes. 18. It has the most famous lake in the world - Loch-Ness. 19. Seas and oceans influence the British climate which is not too cold in winter but never hot in summer. 20. Great Britain is a beautiful country with old traditions and good people.
1. Соединенное королевство Великобритания и Северная Ирландия расположено на Британских островах. 2 Они лежат к северо-западу от Европы. 3. Британские острова отделены от континента узким проливом, который называется Ла-Манш. 4. Соединенное королевство состоит из четырех частей. 5. Англия - центральная часть - занимает большую часть острова Великобритания. 6. К западу лежит Уэльс, и к северу расположена третья часть страны - Шотландия. 7. Четвертую часть называют Северной Ирландией, и она расположена на другом острове. 8. Каждая часть имеет свою столицу. 9. Столица Англии - Лондон, Уэльса - Кардифф, Шотландии - Эдинбург и главный город Северной Ирландии - Белфаст. 10. Великобритания -страна лесов и равнин. 13. В ней нет высоких гор. 12. Шотландия - наиболее гористый район с самым высоким пиком Бен-Невис. 13. Реки Великобритании, недлинные. 14. Самые длинные реки - Темза и Северн. 15. Столица Великобритании, Лондон, расположена на берегу Темзы. 16. Поскольку эта страна окружена множеством морей, на побережье есть большие порты: Лондон, Глазго, Плимут и другие. 17. Уэльс - страна озер. 18. Здесь находится самое знаменитое озеро в мире - Лох-Несс. 19. Моря и океаны влияют на британский климат: не очень холодный зимой, но совсем не жаркий летом. 20. Великобритания - прекрасная страна с древними традициями и хорошими людьми.
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. They lie to the north-west of Europe. The British Isles are separated from the continent by the narrow strait of water which is called the English Channel.
The United Kingdom consists of four parts: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. England, the central part, occupies the most of the island of Great Britain. To the north lies Scotland and to the west the third part of the country, Wales, is situated. The fourth part is called Northern Ireland and is located on the second island. Each part has its capital. The capital of England is London, Wales has Cardiff, Scotland has Edinburgh and the main city of Northern Ireland is Belfast.
Great Britain is a country of forests and plains. There are no high mountains in this country. Scotland is the most mountainous region with the highest peak, Ben Nevis. The rivers of Great Britain are not long. The longest rivers are the Thames and the Severn. The capital of the United Kingdom, London, stands on the banks of the Thames. As the country is surrounded by many seas there are some great ports at the seaside: London, Glasgow, Plymouth and others.
Wales is a country of lakes.
Seas and oceans influence the British climate which is not too cold in winter but never hot in summer. Great Britain is a beautiful country with old traditions and good people.
Великобритания
Соединенное Королевство Великобритании и Северной Ирландии расположено на Британских островах. Они лежат на северо-западе Европы. Британские острова отделены от материка узким проливом, который называется Ла-Манш.
Великобритания состоит из четырех частей: Англия, Шотландия, Уэльс и Северная Ирландия. Англия, в центральной части, занимает большую часть острова Великобритания. На севере- Шотландия и к западу расположена третья часть страны- Уэльс. Четвертая часть называется Северной Ирландией и находится на другом острове. Каждая часть имеет свою столицу. Столица Англии- Лондон, Уэльса- Кардифф, Шотландии- Эдинбург и главный город Северной Ирландии- Белфаст.
Великобритания является страной лесов и равнин. В этой стране нет высоких гор. Шотландия является самым горным регионом, с самой высокой вершиной- Бен Невис. Реки Великобритании не длинные. Самые длинные реки- Темза и Северн. Столица Великобритании, Лондон, стоит на берегу Темзы. Так как страна окружена морями, несколько больших портов лежат на морском побережье: Лондон, Глазго, Плимут и другие.
Уэльс является страной озер.
Моря и океаны влияют на климат Британии, который не слишком холодный зимой, и никогда не жаркий летом. Великобритания- очень красивая страна с давними традициями и хорошими людьми.
Topic: The History of Great Britain"s Wars
Тема: История войн Великобритании
Though the involvement in wars is not the best characteristic of the country, it shows its greatness and strength to the others. The UK has a long history of wars having been involved in numerous conflicts on all but one continents of the world. It is difficult to imagine, but Great Britain was in the state of war with more than one hundred countries. The greatest rivals of the Kingdom were France, the USA and others. Nowadays and for many decades its military forces have been and still are the ones of the best prepared armies in the world. And despite the fact that the military history of the UK started only in the many dramatic wars had happened on the territory of the modern country before that.
Хотя участие в войнах - это не лучшая характеристика страны, она показывает свое величие и силу другим. Великобритания имеет долгую историю войн, участвуя в многочисленных конфликтах на всех континентах в мире, кроме одного. Трудно представить, но Великобритания была в состоянии войны с более чем ста странами. Величайшими соперниками Королевства были Франция, США и другие. Сегодня и в течение многих десятилетий ее вооруженные силы были и остаются одними из наиболее подготовленных армий в мире. И несмотря на то, что военная история Великобритании началась только в 18 веке после объединения всех ее частей, много драматических войн произошло на территории современной страны до этого.
The Hundred Years" War was the longest millitary conflict of the country and lasted 116 years. It was the war against France and usually historians divide it into four distinct periods. The Kingdom of England fought for the control over the territory of the Kingdom of France. First it was a dynastic conflict, but later it turned out to be a real war, which resulted in the appearance of the first standing armies in Europe. England did not manage to return its continental possessions, and it was the leading factor for the beginning of the civil wars there.
Столетняя война была самым длинным военным конфликтом страны и длилась 116 лет. Это была война против Франции, и как правило, историки делят ее на четыре различных периода. Королевство Англия боролось за территорию Королевства Франции. Сначала это был династический конфликт, но позже оказалось настоящей войной, которая привела к появлению первых постоянных армий в Европе. Англии не удалось вернуть ее континентальных владений, и это стало главным фактором для начала гражданской войны там.
The civil wars in England are known as the Wars of Roses. the throne between the supporters of the rival branches and one more reason for their beginning . Henry Tudor defeated the last king of the House of York, and his dynasty ruled the country until 1603.
Гражданские войны в Англии известны как войны роз. Это были войны за престол между сторонниками соперничающих ветвей и еще одним поводом для их начала были социальные и финансовые проблемы. Генрих Тюдор победил последнего короля из дома йорков, получил победу и его династия правила страной до 1603.
Another Civil War dates back to 1641, when a series of conflicts took place between Parliamentarians and Royalists, who were not satisfied with the policy of the government. There were three wars, and the Battle of Worcester was the final one giving the victory to the supporters of the parliament. The monarchy was replaced by the Commonwealth of England and later the Protectorate.
Очередная Гражданская война датируется 1641, когда серия конфликтов произошла между парламентариями и Роялистами, которые были не довольны политикой правительства. Три войны произошли там, и сражение Вустера было последним и подарило победу сторонникам парламента. Монархия была заменена Содружеством Англии и позже Протекторатом.
The series of wars between the English and the Dutch taking place in the 17-18th centuries are known as the Anglo-Dutch Wars. aimed at gaining control over the trade routes and the seas. There were four wars between them and numerous causes for starting them. of the English towards the Dutch, several more reasons appeared as both of the countries to grab the newly-gained possessions of Spain and Portugal. The Dutch also supported the American rebels and this could not but made England angry. So there were numerous battles both in the sea and on the land. The Dutch colonies were given back and both countries started to develop their fleets and armies. Later, Britain took control over the Dutch colonies, but it was only after the Napoleonic Wars.
Серии войн между англичанами и голландцами, происходящие в 17-18 веках, известны как англо-голландские войны. Обе страны желали получить контроль над торговыми путями и морями. Четыре войны имели место между ними и существуют многочисленные причины для их начала. Кроме воинственного настроения англичан к голландцам, еще несколько причин появилось, так как обе страны хотели захватить вновь приобретенные владения Испании и Португалии. Голландцы также поддержали американские повстанцев, и это не могло не разозлить Англичан. Так появились многочисленные сражения, как на море. так и на суше. Голландские колонии были возвращены, и обе страны начали развивать их флот и армии. Позже, Британия взяла под свой контроль голландские колонии, но это произошло только после наполеоновских войн.
Several more wars before the invasion of Napoleon had taken place in Great Britain including the War of the Austrian Succession, King George’s War, the Seven Years’ War and others. All of them were partially connected with the North American colonies and as the result of the last one Britain gained control over the majority of the American colonies.
Несколько войн до вторжения Наполеона имели место в Великобритании, в том числе Война за австрийское наследство, войны Короля Георга, семилетняя война и другие. Все они были частично связаны с североамериканскими колониями и, в результате последней, Британия получила контроль над большинством из американских колоний.
Great Britain was a part of the coalition in the wars against France and despite those ones, who sued for peace, continued to fight against Napoleonic France in the Anglo-French War and the War of the Seventh Coalition.
Великобритания была частью коалиции в войнах против Франции и, несмотря на тех, кто просил мира, продолжала борьбу против наполеоновской Франции в англо-французской войне и войне седьмой коалиции.
The Second war of Great Britain and the USA was in 1812-1815. It was declared by the Americans, but their military forces were unprepared for the war with the most powerful empire in the world. So the union with the Canadian forces beat back the invasion of the US army.
Вторая война Великобритании и США был в 1812-1815. Ее объявили американцы, но их вооруженные силы оказались неподготовленными к войне с самой мощной империей в мире. Поэтому союз с Канадскими силами отбил вторжение армии США.
Gradually the British Empire took interest in the Asian and African countries in order to expand the territory of its colonies. As a result such wars as the Anglo-Afghan, the Opium (against the Chinese), the Boer, Somali ones took place.
Постепенно Британская империя заинтересовалась в азиатских и африканских странах для того, чтобы расширить территорию своих колоний. В результате произошли такие войны, как англо-афганские, Опиум (против китайцев), войны бура, Сомали.
Great Britain took part in both World Wars, but one of the most contradictory conflicts, the results of which even now influence the population of the country,
Отдельной строкой и, соответственно, топиком стоит рассказать о прошлом страны. История Англии очень длинная, многообразная. Любовь и ненависть, злость и предательства, война и мир, смена династий, падение и восхождение - чего только там не было. Об о всем об этом лаконично, грамотно и кратко расскажет наша статья.
Если вы хотите понять душу Англии, то вам непременно стоит научиться описывать историю Великобритании на английском. Лично для вас — это расширение словарного запаса, кругозора. Помимо этого, вы будете понимать, как появилось название, монархия и не упадете в грязь при беседе на эту тему лицом даже с коренными жителями. Итак, как звучит история Англии на английском языке?
The history of Great Britain is long and very exciting. The Celts 1 crossed over from Europe to the British Isles centuries before the Roman invasion 2 .The Roman province in this area covered 3 most of the territory of present Wales and England. The Romans influenced 4 the way of living, language and culture greatly.
In the 5th centure the Angles and the Saxons (two Germanic tribes) 5 settled 6 in Britain and occupied a very vast 7 territory. They were pagans 8 . Christianity 9 came to Britain from Rome in 597. Angeles and Saxons conquered 10 against Celts during the 5th and 6th centuries A.D. These Germanic conquerors gave England its name — «Angle» land.
In the 11th century Normans invaded 11 Britain. This invasion had a great influence on the life of Britain. For example, a feudal system was imposed 12 — Lords, barons who were French-speaking Normans and the peasants 13 (the English-speaking Saxons). So the English class system was built. At this time Middle English as a language dominated in England.
During the 16th century the English monarch became very powerful. The Tudor dynasty (1485-1603) established 14 a system of government. Parliament was split 15 into two Houses and compeletely depended on the monarch. But during the 17th century it was established the supremacy 16 of the parliament over the monarchy in Britain. The conflict had happend and the Civil War 17 began. Parliament won the war, the king was executed 18 and Oliver Cromwell became the leader. But after his death this system of government was forgotten and the son of the king was returned to the throne.
In the 18th century the Industrial Revolution 19 started. Many of people who had lived in the rural areas 20 moved to towns. The population of London became about a million. In the next century Britain governed one of the biggest world’s Empire. It was made up 21 of Canada, Ireland, India, Australia and large parts of Africa. They had internal 22 self-government, but recognized the authority 23 of the British government. Britain had a great economic power. The English spread their culture around the world.
The 20th century was not stable. There were a lot of struggles for the rights: women, the working class. They became more powerful and stronger.
Of course, I have told you the main facts about the past of the country. There were a lot of interesting events in Briatan and you can read about them in special literature.
Vocabulary:
- Celts — кельты
- the Roman invasion — римское нашествие, завоевание
- covered — покрывать/ занимать
- influenced — влиять/ воздействовать
- the Angles and the Saxons (two Germanic tribes) — Англы и Саксы (два племени)
- settle — осесть
- vast — обширный
- pagans — язычники
- Christianity — христианство
- conquer- завоевывать
- invade — вторглись/ напали/ захватили
- impose — навязывать
- peasants — крестьяне
- establish — установить
- to be split — быть расколотым
- the supremacy — верховенство
- Civil War — гражданская война
- to be executed — быть казненным
- the Industrial Revolution — индустриальная (промышленная) революция
- rural areas — сельская местность
- to be made up — состояла из
- internal — внутренний
- recognized the authority — признавать авторитет/ верховенство/ подчинялись власти
Представленная нами история Великобритании на английском будет вам хорошим началом в углублении знаний. Мы перечислили наиболее важные события, наиболее значимые, но вы на этом можете не останавливаться. Поверьте, там столько тайн, которые непременно вовлекут вас в чудесный мир прошлого.
As any other country Britain has its own history, with periods of prosperity and decay. The first inhabitants of the island were Iberians, who probably form the basis of the present-day population in Western England, Wales, North and Western Scotland and Ireland. They came between 3000 and 2000 ВС. Soon a new race from east of Europe came. The ancient people who gradually merged together, left behind impressive monuments, connected with religious acts at Stonehenge and other places. Stonehenge also served as an ancient observatory.
Soon after 700 ВС Britain was invaded by the Celts, who came from Central Europe. Their language developed into the Celtic language of modern Wales. In AD 43 the Romans began an invasion. It resulted in the Roman occupation of Britain. The Romans built many military roads, walls, and towns according to their tradition.
In some parts of the country these roads to these days form the basis of road communication. The largest of the towns was called Londinium. It was on the river Thames, where London is today. It became the capital city.
In the 5th century Britain was subject to the attacks of the Germanic tribes of the Jutes, the Saxons and the Angles. Eventually the invaders settled down and formed a number of small kingdoms. The Anglo-Saxons and Jutes were close to each other in language and customs, and they gradually became one people. In the 7th - 9th centuries important changes took place among the members of the Anglo-Saxons communities. Land became private property of separate families. It was the beginning of feudal relations. The Danish invasions of the 9th and 10th centuries brought a new wave of the development of feudal relations in England.
At the beginning of the 9th century the Danes and Norsemen began to occupy the country. They ruled the country tor several decades till 1042. 24 years later the invasion by the Normans under William the Conqueror began. The social structure of the country was very similar to the rest of Europe. The Norman invaders brought their language with them too. They spoke a Norman dialect and it became the language of administration, the official language of the state. Latin was the language of the Church, law and learning. However, the common people continued to speak English.
The economic development of the country during the Middle Ages (11th - 15th centuries) illustrates the exploitation of the peasant by the feudal lords, as well as by the church. Trade developed throughout the country. By the 14th century most English towns were becoming free from feudal restrictions. Besides, the country had a strong Monarchy and a Parliament. The 15th century was a period of civil wars, Wars of the Roses (1455-85). In form it was a struggle between two mart powerful feudal families - the House of Lancaster which had the emblem of the red rose and the House of York with the emblem of the white rose. It weakened economically and independently old feudal families.
Wars of the Roses could not prevent the economic development of the country. In the 15th - 16th centuries the clothing industry was well developed. The cloth was exported. Cloth industry gave development to capitalistic relations It brought a new wave of cultural and scientific development. The English bourgeois revolution took place in a country where capitalism developed faster than in any other country of Europe. As a result of its development England 100 years later alter the revolution became the first industrial state in the world, a power, which had created the largest colonial empire. The triumph of capitalism in England gave a powerful impulse to the development of capitalism all over the world. The 18th century brought the Industrial Revolution. It caused social changes. English society was breaking up into two basic classes — the proletarians and the capitalists. The working-class began to defend their rights.
Britain’s relatively peaceful development ended in the year 1914. Britain entered Strikes and unemployment were the result of it. World War II was another difficult period in the history of Britain. The British people withstood heavy bombing with great courage. London itself was bombed for 76 nights continuously.