Vitamin B6 overdose symptoms. How is vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) useful, and what sources are most rich in it? Daily need for pyridoxine

First aid for overdose

In case of an overdose of B vitamins, you must immediately stop taking the drug. It is urgent to flush the insoluble substance from the stomach with a pale solution of potassium permanganate: drink 1-2 liters of liquid and induce vomiting. Taking a mild laxative like magnesium sulfate is essential. Then it is important to take an absorbent: you can stop at activated carbon, Enterosgel, Polysorbe, Lactofiltrum. Medical intervention in case of an overdose of B vitamins is required: this must be done in order to avoid negative results.

Consequences and complications after an overdose

An excess of B vitamins can lead to unpleasant consequences. The liver and kidneys will malfunction - they will not be able to function fully, which will lead to fatty degeneration of the liver, kidney disease. If an overdose causes anaphylactic shock, it will shock all organs, cause complications in the form of pulmonary edema, thrombosis, heart problems.

From the above, it follows that B vitamins should be taken only on the basis of a doctor's prescription, because an excess of them can be dangerous for a person: it will cause health problems, in the most extreme cases, it will lead to death.

Vitamins have become part of our life. The difficult ecological situation, low quality food products are forced to take fortified supplements in order to meet the needs of the body. But along with the benefits, taking dietary supplements is dangerous if the required rate is exceeded. An overdose of vitamin B6, one of the most important substances, can do as much harm as a deficiency.

Vitamin B6 is a water-soluble vitamin, capable of being independently produced in the human intestine. The excess is quickly excreted from the body through the excretory system. Therefore, excess is rare, only in the case of high doses.

Exceeding the norm

The daily rate of B6 depends on the age and gender of the person. For adults, it averages two milligrams.

An increased need arises in case of dysbiosis, in athletes, during high physical and mental stress. People with nervous system disorders also need to take higher doses of B6. In such cases, it is allowed to drink from 4 to 10 mg.

An excess of vitamin B6 appears when the standards are exceeded by 50 times. The maximum allowable dose a person can take in supplement form is 100 milligrams.

Overdose symptoms

Vivid symptoms of an overdose of vitamin B6 appear with the use of 500 mg. They are manifested by changes in the brain in the form of vivid dreams that are well remembered. Long-term intake of lower amounts of B6 can cause the following symptoms of hypervitaminosis:

• headaches, impaired concentration;
• feeling of numbness and tingling in the legs and arms;
• the occurrence of dermatitis;
• peeling of the skin;
• circulatory disorder;
• shaking hands;
• burning sensation in the area of ​​the lips;
• allergic reactions;
• convulsions that occur at night;
• increased acidity of the stomach;
• disorder of coordination when moving;
• a decrease in the amount of milk in nursing mothers.

The danger of pyridoxine hypervitaminosis

The danger of pyridoxine overdose in long-term consequences:

• a decrease in the amount of protein in the body, which leads to muscle and organ atrophy;
• nerve endings in the spinal cord are damaged, which causes difficulty in walking;
• increased acidity of the stomach can cause gastritis and peptic ulcer disease, provoke bleeding;
• milk loss in women while breastfeeding.

Complications caused by an excess of vitamin B6 have to be treated for a long time, but they gradually disappear.

Causes of excess pyridoxine

An overdose that occurs when using vitamin B6 occurs for several reasons:

• acute poisoning can occur in the case of a one-time intake of a large amount of B6 by children left unattended;
• long-term use of high dosages;
• the use of dietary supplements without prescriptions from the attending physician;
• increased individual sensitivity to the active substance;
• intravenous administration of the vitamin at high speed.

Oversupply help

First aid for acute B6 poisoning consists in the following measures:

• stop taking the substance;
• rinse the stomach, induce vomiting if a large amount is accidentally consumed;
• give adsorbents;
• contact a medical institution for medical help.

If symptoms of hypervitaminosis appear with prolonged use of high doses of the vitamin, it is necessary to cancel the drug. In most cases, when the source of the problem is eliminated, the symptoms go away on their own. No antidotes are used.

Overdose prevention

In order to avoid a situation in which first aid is required, it is necessary to observe the following precautions:

• take a vitamin only after consultation with your doctor;
• carefully read the instructions, the list of contraindications;
• in the case of using high doses, simultaneously take magnesium preparations, which enhance absorption and prevent excess accumulation in the body;
• store supplements in places that small children cannot accidentally reach, in order to avoid cases of uncontrolled use of B6;
• parenteral intake of vitamins B6 should be performed only in a medical hospital, under the supervision of medical workers.

Vitamin B6 is essential for the full functioning of the body. Thanks to him, protein and fat compounds are fully absorbed. It prevents disorders of the nervous system, pathological conditions of the skin. People need B6 for the correct production of nucleic acids, which delay the processes of age-related changes. Pyridoxine reduces the amount of sugar in the blood, produces a diuretic effect.

But with the entire range of positive effects, uncontrolled long-term use of vitamin B6 can lead to dire consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to consult with doctors for the correct selection of a therapeutic dose in cases where a person needs an additional source of pyridoxine. Then it will be possible to avoid complications due to overabundance. If there is no increased need, you can get B6 from food.

If you have any symptoms of an overdose, share your experience.

For information on the products in which pyridoxine is found, see the video:

Pyridoxine, or vitamin B6, plays a very important role for all cells and tissues of the body, which means that it is necessary to regularly replenish its reserves. The most useful vitamin B6 is the one found in food, however, if this is not enough, you can additionally take special biological supplements that include this vitamin.

Vitamin B6 is resistant to heat as well as oxygen, however, it can be easily degraded by exposure to light.

Biological role

The main tasks and functions that pyridoxine performs in the human body is the processing of essential amino acids. Since amino acids play an important role in the "building" of protein molecules, a lack of vitamin B6 can provoke the onset and development of various diseases.

With the help of vitamin B6, an enzyme is synthesized in the human liver, which is necessary for the normal processing of amino acids, as well as for better assimilation of proteins. During stressful situations, amino acids begin to produce proteins even more intensively, and therefore, during such periods, more pyridoxine should be consumed.

V modern life people are exposed to much more intense mental and psychological stress than they were a century ago. Therefore, the body's need for pyridoxine increases significantly. At the same time, doctors recommend that people whose activities are accompanied by constant nervous overstrain to use vitamin B6 in combination with other B vitamins.

Some of the most important functions of pyridoxine are maintaining the balance of potassium and sodium in body fluids, actively participating in the production of hemoglobin and red blood cells, as well as ensuring the full functioning of the brain and nervous system. In addition, pyridoxine is a necessary substance for the complete metabolism of proteins, carbohydrates and fats.

The consumption of a sufficient amount of pyridoxine helps to strengthen the immune system, and also takes an active part in the formation of antibodies necessary for reliable protection of the human body from all sorts of troubles.

Pyridoxine in large quantities is recommended for people who suffer from diseases of the cardiovascular system. This vitamin prevents blood clots, protects against atherosclerosis, heart attacks and strokes, helps to normalize blood pressure and also ensures the normal functioning of the liver.

Symptoms of overdose and vitamin B6 deficiency

The consumption of an insufficient amount of pyridoxine is dangerous for the human body, as it can provoke the occurrence of a number of diseases. In addition, in this case, serious problems arise with the assimilation of proteins, which, in turn, causes the development of chronic diseases.

In addition, the lack of pyridoxine is one of the reasons for the imbalance of sodium and potassium in fluids, as a result of which the accumulation of water in the body begins. And this is fraught with the appearance of edema throughout the body.

In the case when vitamin B6 is not enough for the normal and timely supply of glucose to the cells of the central nervous system, fatigue, a feeling of depression, and the quality of sleep deteriorate very quickly. In addition, in such situations, aggression and overexcitement can appear - this is due to the fact that the adrenal glands begin to produce adrenaline more intensively. At the same time, the reserves of glucose in the body begin to rapidly decrease, and the reserves of sugar, on the contrary, increase. As a result of this condition, various types of depression can develop.

Since vitamin B6 is excreted from the human body along with urine, its excess practically does not occur in life. But if, nevertheless, as a result of taking special pills, or taking a course of injections, an increased amount of pyridoxine enters the body, side effects may be short-lived nervous breakdown as well as numbness in the arms and legs. These troubles completely disappear immediately after vitamin B6 is excreted from the body in a natural way.

Interaction with other substances

Pyridoxine is ideally compatible with many useful vitamins and minerals - and in particular with calcium, glucose, copper, iron, zinc, as well as vitamins B9, B12 and B1.

Pyridoxine is especially recommended for those people who prefer to use meat dishes... In order for this vitamin to be maximally preserved in food, you should, if possible, choose the most gentle methods of cooking them - for example, steam or bake in the oven. Always remember that canning, frying, and long-term storage of food contributes to the complete destruction of vitamin B6. The same can be attributed to freezing food, as well as keeping them in the light for a long time. Therefore, in order to effectively preserve the maximum amount of vitamins in foods, it is best to dry greens, soak and ferment fruits and vegetables, as well as prepare various jams and pickles - this way, you can reliably protect yourself from vitamin deficiencies.

Daily requirement in pyridoxine

As for the permissible daily dosage of vitamin B6, it is enough for adults to take it in an amount of two to three milligrams. During pregnancy, as well as with breastfeeding it is recommended to slightly increase this dose. In addition, an increase in the dose will be required for women who take oral contraceptives, as well as during menstruation. And the human body's need for pyridoxine increases with infectious and cardiovascular diseases, as well as with hypoglycemia.

Vitamin B6 can be found in many foods of both plant and animal origin. Especially rich in pyridoxine are foods such as salmon, tuna, shrimp, oysters, ham, chicken and eggs, lamb, Ground beef as well as dairy products.

Among herbal products that differ increased content pyridoxine, bananas, tomatoes, potatoes, sprouted grains, cabbage, peas, soybeans, lentils, nuts, yeast, berries, fruits and seeds should be noted.

Pyridoxine is also found in many medicinal plants- and especially in alfalfa, catnip, oat straw and plantain. Well, like all other vitamins in group B, pyridoxine is able to be synthesized in healthy intestinal microflora.

Vitamin B6 is very important for the body to function properly. Its deficiency or overdose is bad for the body. This substance was discovered in 1934 by the Hungarian physician Paul Giorgi.

He named the water-soluble vitamin that cured dermatitis in rodents B6. Over time, it turned out that this is not one substance, but a whole ...

Vitamin B6 is very important for the body to function properly.

Its deficiency or overdose has a bad effect on the functioning of the body.

Description of vitamin B6

This substance was discovered in 1934 by the Hungarian physician Paul Giorgi. He named the water-soluble vitamin that cured dermatitis in rodents B6. Over time, it turned out that this is not one substance, but a whole group, which includes pyridoxine, pyridoxamine and others.

They are all interconnected and work together. In the body, they are transformed into a single form - peridoxal phosphate, which acts as a catalyst for many metabolic reactions.

• Essential for the synthesis of amino acids
• Participates in the metabolism of lipids and macronutrients
• Without it, the formation of erythrocytes and antibodies does not occur, therefore it is taken with anemia and reduced immunity
• Plays an important role in the formation of neurotransmitters involved in the transmission of nerve impulses: serotonin, adrenaline, etc. That is why vitamins B6 are indicated for diseases of the nervous system - from ordinary stress to Parkinson's disease.
• Essential for the proper functioning of the liver
• Natural diuretic
• Treats skin diseases
• Relieves nausea, therefore it is used for motion sickness and toxicosis of pregnant women
• Helps with muscle spasms at night and hand numbness

Peculiarity! Vitamin B6 is essential for those who consume a lot of protein foods - athletes and physically active people, as it is involved in protein synthesis and growth muscle mass, increases efficiency, has a diuretic effect.

Now, knowing the role of this vitamin for the full functioning of the body, it becomes clear how important it is to take it in sufficient quantities.

Fortunately, this wonderful substance is widespread and can be found in a large number of products both plant and animal origin. The richest in them:

• cereals (and most of all it is contained in the shells and embryos of seeds, therefore it is best to use bran, brown rice varieties, bread and pasta from coarse flour);
• Brewer's yeast;
• nuts (especially walnuts and hazelnuts);
• offal (heart, liver, kidneys);
• fish (especially tuna, salmon and cod);
• eggs;
• dairy products;
• spinach, cabbage, tomatoes, asparagus, legumes.

In addition, vitamin B6 is synthesized in the body itself by the intestinal microflora.

Daily rate (table)

The dosage of vitamin B6 directly depends on age. The average daily dose of an adult is 1.5 - 2 mg per day.

The need for it increases among those suffering from nervous diseases, pregnant and lactating women, and among athletes during periods of increased stress. In such situations, it can be taken up to 4 mg per day, and with very intense exertion, up to 10 mg.

How much vitamin B6 to take, depending on the age and condition of the body, is indicated in the following table:

It is advisable not to exceed these norms on your own, otherwise various disturbances in the work of the body may occur.

Contraindications for taking vitamin B6

For most people, it is perfectly absorbed without causing any unpleasant consequences. However, sometimes there is an individual intolerance to this useful substance... Such people may develop allergic skin rashes, such as hives.

Reception of synthetic forms of vitamin B6 is limited or not recommended for patients suffering from gastrointestinal ulcers, heart and liver diseases.

As a rule, vitamin B6 is well absorbed, and in case of excess, it is excellent. excreted in the urine within 8 hours without accumulating in the body. But in some cases, an overdose is possible, which is manifested by the following symptoms:

• allergy;
• skin problems (dermatitis, urticaria);
• anemia and poor circulation;
• disorders of the nervous system - headaches, decreased attention, impaired sensitivity and tingling of the extremities;
• night cramps;
• deterioration in coordination;
• increased acidity of gastric juice;
• decreased milk production in nursing mothers.

In the case of taking large doses of the vitamin, which happens during injections, numbness of the hands and feet often occurs. In the case of severe allergies or very high doses, anaphylactic shock may develop, which rarely happens. In case of chronic overdose, there may be a loss of proteins in the tissues of internal organs, which leads to disruption of their work.

Interesting! An interesting and rather characteristic symptom of a severe overdose is very vivid night dreams, remembered in every detail.

All of these symptoms disappear when vitamin B6 supplementation is stopped. You should not exclude foods containing this substance from the diet.

As already mentioned, vitamin B6 is very well excreted from the body in the urine, therefore, hypervitaminosis is possible only in rare cases. It arises:

• in people suffering from hypersensitivity to this substance;
• if you take it for too long in large doses that the body does not have time to excrete (this is typical for athletes and people who are actively involved in gyms - as a rule, men who are fond of bodybuilding);
• in the case of rapid intravenous injections.

IMPORTANT! Sometimes an overdose occurs in children who have reached the vial of vitamins. Parents should remember that vitamins are useful only in strictly defined quantities. The daily intake of vitamin B6 for children should not exceed 1-1.7 mg (see details above).

In addition, you need to know that any synthetic vitamins - in pure form or as part of vitamin complexes - should be taken after consulting a doctor. Only a knowledgeable specialist, after appropriate research, can assess the body's need for a particular substance.

To rule out possible hypervitaminosis, vitamin B6 is best taken in its natural form, with foods that contain high amounts of it.

Side effects of drugs with vitamin B6

Some of the commercially available multivitamins contain a very high dosage of vitamin B6. This is especially true of dietary supplements used by athletes and people who are actively involved in gyms to increase muscle mass.

On early stages side effects manifest themselves in the form of allergic reactions. Such drugs should be taken with caution, do not exceed the recommended doses and take breaks.

Vitamin B6 and magnesium

Vitamin B6 works very well when paired with magnesium. They improve assimilation and strengthen each other's action. There is no B6 overdose with these drugs.

Conclusion

Vitamin B6 is very important for normal metabolism and the correct functioning of the nervous system. Often, the body is deficient in this useful substance. This happens especially often with increased physical exertion and overload of the nervous system.

In this case, its additional reception is necessary, but it is advisable to do this only after consulting a doctor. After all, an overdose of vitamin B6 can cause no less unpleasant consequences than its deficiency.

Source: lifegong.com

9 signs and symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency

Vitamin B6, also known as pyridoxine, is one of the eight B vitamins. Although it was discovered in 1932, scientists are still making new discoveries about its role and effects on the body.

Signs and symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency in humans (women and men)

Most people get enough B6 from their diet, but if you are deficient in other B vitamins such as folate and vitamin B12, you are more likely to be deficient in vitamin B6 (1).

Vitamin B6 deficiency is more common in people with liver, kidney, digestive, or autoimmune diseases, as well as in smokers, obese people, alcoholics, and pregnant women (2, 3, 4).

Vitamin B6 is involved in more than 150 enzyme reactions in your body. It helps your body process the protein, carbohydrates, and fat that you eat. Vitamin B6 is also closely related to the functions of your nervous and immune systems (3, 5, 6).

More recently, B6 has been found to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This means it may play a role in preventing chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer (5, 7, 8).

Here are 9 signs and symptoms of a vitamin B6 deficiency.

1. Skin rash

Deficiency of vitamin B6 is one of the causes of a red, itchy rash on the body called seborrheic dermatitis.

The rash can appear on the scalp, face, neck, and upper chest. This rash can be oily and flaky and can cause swelling or white patches (9).

One of the reasons B6 deficiency can lead to skin rashes is because the vitamin helps synthesize collagen, which is essential for healthy skin. In these cases, B6 intake can quickly clear up the rash (10, 11).

Some people with seborrheic dermatitis may need increased amounts of vitamin B6. Vitamin B6 face cream has helped some people improve symptoms of seborrheic dermatitis (12).

Summary:

An itchy, oily, and scaly rash is a common sign of vitamin B6 deficiency. Consuming enough of it will usually help clear up the rash quickly in cases of deficiency.

2. Cracks and sore lips

Cheilitis, which is characterized by pain, redness, and swelling of the lips with cracking, may be the result of a B6 deficiency. Cracks can bleed and become infected.

In addition to the fact that cheilitis can be very painful, cracked lips can hinder your ability to eat and talk.

Correcting the deficiency through eating foods rich in vitamin B6 or taking supplements can relieve you of these symptoms.

It is noteworthy that the disadvantages of riboflavin, folic acid, iron and others nutrients can also cause this condition. In addition, cracks and inflammation of the lips can also be caused by sunny, dry or windy weather and other external factors (13, 14).

Summary:

Painful cracks and inflammation on the lips and in the corners of the mouth can be a sign of a vitamin B6 deficiency. If so, getting enough of it from food or through supplementation can heal your lips.

3. Painful, swollen and reddened tongue

If you have a B6 deficiency, your tongue may become swollen, painful, smooth, sore, or reddened. This is called glossitis.

The glossy smooth surface of the tongue is associated with loss of papillae. Glossitis can interfere with your ability to chew, swallow, and speak.

Replenishing a B6 deficiency will treat glossitis, provided that deficiency is the only cause.

Deficiencies in other nutrients, including folate and B12, can also lead to this condition. Consuming enough of all of these vitamins may be required to reverse glossitis (15).

Summary:

A swollen, sore, glossy tongue is a sign of vitamin B6 deficiency. Deficiencies in other nutrients, especially folate and B12, can also contribute to this condition.

4. Mood changes

A B6 deficiency can affect your mood, sometimes contributing to depression, anxiety, irritability, and heightened feelings of pain (16).

This is because B6 is involved in the production of several neurotransmitters such as serotonin and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Serotonin and GABA help control anxiety, depression, and pain.

B6's role in combating these mood problems has been tested in a wide variety of settings.

For example, in about half of people with autism, taking B6 supplements can help reduce behavioral problems, possibly because this vitamin helps produce neurotransmitters (17).

Research also shows that taking 50-80 mg of B6 supplements daily may help with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) symptoms such as moodiness, irritability, anxiety, and depression (18, 19).

One of the possible reasons B6 may help with PMS is because it helps produce mood-elevating serotonin. Scientists are doing more research to find out if women with PMS experience might actually have vitamin and mineral deficiencies (19, 20, 21).

Summary:

Mood changes such as irritability, anxiety, and depression can occur when B6 levels are low. This is because B6 is needed in the production of neurotransmitters that help control your mood.

5. Weakened immune function

Well acting the immune system is the key to preventing infection, inflammation and different types cancer. Nutrient deficiencies, including B6, can disrupt the immune system.

More specifically, a vitamin B6 deficiency can lead to decreased production of antibodies needed to fight infections (22).

A lack of B6 can also decrease the production of white blood cells in your body, including T cells. These cells regulate immune function, helping it respond appropriately.

Plus, vitamin B6 helps your body make a protein called interleukin-2, which helps direct the actions of your white blood cells (23).

People with autoimmune diseases (in which the immune system attacks its own body tissues) may have an increased rate of B6 breakdown, which increases the need for this vitamin (2).

Summary:

If you don't get enough B6, your body cannot properly produce the antibodies, white blood cells, and other immune factors needed to fight pathogens and prevent disease.

6. Fatigue and low energy

A vitamin B6 deficiency can make you unusually tired and lethargic. This is because vitamin B6 helps in the production of hemoglobin. Hemoglobin is a protein in your red blood cells that helps carry oxygen throughout your body.

If your cells are not getting enough oxygen due to too little hemoglobin, this is called anemia. This condition can make you tired and weak.

There have been isolated cases of B6-related anemia in which administration of an inactive form of pyridoxine hydrochloride did not help. However, supplementation with the most active form of B6, called pyridoxal-5-phosphate, reversed anemia (16).

You can buy any form of B6 as a supplement, but pyridoxine hydrochloride is more common and usually costs less than pyridoxal 5-phosphate.

Besides feeling tired from anemia, vitamin B6 deficiency can also potentially contribute to fatigue due to its role in the production of the sleep-promoting hormone melatonin (24, 25).

Summary:

Vitamin B6 helps red blood cells (erythrocytes) transport oxygen throughout the body and helps you feel energized.

7. Tingling and pain in hands and feet

B6 deficiency can cause nerve damage called peripheral neuropathy.

Symptoms may include burning and tingling sensations in the hands, feet, palms, and feet. Some describe this feeling as "pain from needle sticks."

Nerve damage can also lead to clumsiness, balance problems, and difficulty walking (26).

In addition, chronic intake of too much of the inactive form of B6 (pyridoxine hydrochloride) in supplement form can also cause neuropathy. This can happen because large amounts of inactive B6 can compete and block the active form of B6 (pyridoxal 5-phosphate) in your body (27).

Nerve problems due to vitamin B6 deficiency are reversible with proper B6 intake. On the other hand, nerve problems associated with B6 toxicity can be much more difficult to treat.

Summary:

Burning, colic and shooting pains in the limbs, palms and feet can be caused by nerve damage due to a deficiency or overdose of B6.

8. Seizures

Attacks happen for a variety of reasons, including vitamin B6 deficiency.

Without enough B6, you're not making the right amount of the calming neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), so your brain can be overstimulated.

Seizures can cause symptoms such as muscle cramps and eye rolling. Sometimes people experience rapid, uncontrolled convulsions or loss of consciousness.

It is well known that B6 deficiency causes seizures in newborns. The first cases were noted in the 1950s, when infants were fed infant formula with insufficient amounts of B6 (26).

More recently, seizures due to B6 deficiency have been reported in adults. These cases were most common in pregnancy, alcoholism, drug interactions, or liver disease (6, 28).

Seizures associated with a B6 deficiency are very well treated with dietary supplements or foods rich in this vitamin.

Summary:

Seizures are an unusual but possible result of a B6 deficiency. They are more common in infants, but can also occur in adults.

9. High homocysteine ​​levels

Homocysteine ​​is a byproduct formed during protein digestion.

Deficiencies in B6 as well as folate and B12 can lead to abnormally high levels of homocysteine ​​in the blood, as these B vitamins are needed to regulate homocysteine ​​levels (29).

Elevated homocysteine ​​levels are associated with several health problems - most notably heart disease and stroke, as well as Alzheimer's. When homocysteine ​​is elevated, it can damage blood vessels and nerves (30, 31, 32, 33).

Fortunately, homocysteine ​​levels can be checked with a simple blood test. Typically, elevated homocysteine ​​levels can be reduced by taking supplements of B6, B12, and folate.

Just keep in mind that other factors such as your eating habits and physical activity are also commonly implicated in the development of diseases associated with high homocysteine ​​levels, and this needs to be addressed.

Summary:

A deficiency in B6, as well as folate and B12, can cause high levels of homocysteine, which can damage blood vessels and nerves, and increase your risk of certain diseases.

Foods high in vitamin B6

Your body is unable to store very much B6. To avoid deficiency, you need to consume foods rich in this vitamin.

This is generally not difficult to do, as B6 is found in many animal and plant foods. In addition, it is often added to fortified foods such as breakfast cereals and protein bars.

Here are some of best products that naturally contain vitamin B6 (35):

It is noteworthy that the B6 forms in animal sources and fortified food products, and supplements are usually better absorbed than the form found in plant foods.

If you only eat plant-based foods, you may need more B6 to make up for this difference (36).

Summary:

If you regularly eat a variety of meats, poultry, fish, vegetables, fruits, nuts, seeds, and legumes, you can easily meet your vitamin B6 needs.

Summarize

• The benefits of vitamin B6 may not be talked about much, but it is a very hardworking nutrient.
• Possible signs and symptoms of vitamin B6 deficiency include skin rashes, cracked lips and corners of the mouth, a sore and swollen tongue, mood changes, impaired immune function, fatigue, nerve pain, seizures, and elevated homocysteine ​​levels.
• If you are concerned that you are not getting enough B6 or are deficient, talk with your doctor to determine the best course of action.
• Fortunately, vitamin B6 deficiency is generally easy to avoid if you have healthy eating habits that include a variety of fruits, vegetables, nuts, meat, and fish.
• In some cases, vitamin B6 supplementation may also be recommended.

Source: foodismedicine.ru

Vitamin B6 (as Pyridoxine, Pirivitol, Pyridoxine Hydrochloride)

The first studies of the properties of pyridoxine date back to the beginning of the last century. For the first time in a bound state, the substance was obtained by the scientist Paul Dieri. After 4 years, the researcher managed to obtain and describe vitamin B6, in 1939 he gave the compound a systematic name.

It was found that pyridoxine is not a single substance, but a group of vitamins with similar properties: pyridoxine itself, pyridoxamine and pyridoxinal. These substances act in a complex due to the fact that they are interconnected. Substances are indispensable for maintaining the health of blood cells and the formation of the necessary antibodies.

By structure, all compounds of the B6 group are chemical derivatives of the substance pyridine. According to its physical properties, it is a white crystalline substance with high solubility in water and alcohol. Pyridine is unstable to heat exposure, prolonged storage in air or in solution. Estrogens and alcoholic products negatively affect the activity of the compound.

Foods richest in vitamin B6 include brewer's yeast, milk, liver, eggs, melon, garlic, kidney, heart, tuna, broccoli, asparagus, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts. Vitamin B6 is also present in hazelnuts, carrots, strawberries, cereals, sprouted grains and walnuts.

Pyridoxine for administration is available in 2 forms - in the form solutions for injection and oral tablets... The most common pyridoxine drugs include Pyridoxine Hydrochloride, Pyridoxine-Vial and Pyridoxine bufus (the last two are solutions).

In pyridoxine preparations, where the main active ingredient is pyridoxal phosphate, a faster therapeutic effect is observed compared to drugs where the main substance is pyridoxine hydrochloride. There are no more fundamental differences between them.

In the body, vitamin B6 becomes a coenzyme during chemical transformations. Pyridoxine affects the metabolic processes of the body, accelerating and normalizing them. The substance is involved in the synthesis of hemoglobin, improves the transport of glucose to nerve cells.

Indications for drug administration of vitamin B6 are conditions associated with a deficiency of the substance: it is used for hypovitaminosis, anemia, toxicosis, dermatitis, leukopenia, diabetes mellitus, herpes, sea and air diseases, exudative diathesis, psoriasis and atherosclerosis.

Contraindications include an increased reaction to pyridoxine and intolerance to the substance.

Tablets are used or injections are injected in accordance with the daily dosage recommended for the patient. The duration of treatment is determined based on the patient's current condition. In the case of injections, it is allowed to do not only intramuscular injections, but also subcutaneous and intravenous injections.

People with ulcerative lesions of the digestive system should drink pyridoxine tablets with caution. The substance can provoke hypersecretion of hydrochloric acid. Products such as “ Magne B6 », « Magnelis B6 », pentovite , neuromultivitis .

In order to fully cover the body's daily need for pyridoxine, adults are advised to take about 1.5-2 mg of the substance, children - up to 1.6 mg.

There are groups of people who should pay special attention to adherence to the dosage of the vitamin and its full use. So, more vitamin B6 is needed:

• women using oral contraceptives or any medications containing estrogen;
• pregnant women (the content of estrogen by the end of pregnancy in a woman's body is increased compared to the usual state, therefore, vitamin dosages are required, sometimes 10 times higher than the therapeutic norm);
• women in the premenstrual period (2 weeks before the start of the cycle - the body's estrogen content rises, which means an increase in the concentration of estrogen);
• people taking steroid medications for therapeutic purposes;
• people who, for unexplained reasons, cannot lose weight;
• young people with stubborn acne caused by increased activity of the sebaceous glands. In this case, ointments with a substance content are usually used.

Pyridoxine, together with substances of its own group, has a powerful positive effect on the human body:

• improves the absorption of lipids and carbohydrates;
• normalizes the process of converting the amino acid tryptophan to niacin;
• stimulates the formation of nucleic acids in the body
• stabilizes nervous activity;
• dulls the feeling of nausea;
• promotes skin regeneration and elimination of its imperfections;
• relieves convulsive conditions (especially in the calves);
• reduces muscle spasms at night;
• relieves neuritis of the extremities;
• helps to reduce numbness of the limbs;
• is an effective diuretic.

Pyridoxine positively affects the condition of people with diabetes by reducing their need for insulin. If the correct dosage of pyridoxine was not calculated correctly, this condition can lead to a drop in blood sugar.

Vitamin B6 effective in the treatment of leukopenia, hepatitis, anemia, toxicosis of pregnant women, skin and neuralgic diseases, and also helps to alleviate the symptoms of Meniere's disease, air and seasickness.

Vitamin B6 sometimes used externally as part of hair masks. The substance is important for the health of the scalp, as it strengthens the follicles, promotes rapid hair growth and the cessation of hair loss. The substance also helps in the fight against dandruff by improving the condition of the scalp.

The substance is practically non-toxic due to its aqueous solubility and good tolerance.

However, if a person is hypersensitive to the vitamin, urticaria is observed - allergic reaction for pyridoxine.

In the case of long-term intake of vitamin B6 in dosages significantly higher than recommended, specific manifestations are noted:

• tingling sensation in the limbs;
• numbness of hands and feet;
• decreased sensitivity;
• feeling of pressure.

Pyridoxine is almost completely absorbed by the body, and its excess is excreted by the kidneys. Magnesium significantly affects the absorption of vitamin B6: if there is a deficiency of the last element, as a rule, there is also a deficiency of vitamin B6. Pyridoxine is excreted 8-9 hours after ingestion.

Vitamin B6 deficiency has a number of manifestations that affect both adults and infants. The most striking are:

• lack of appetite, nausea;
• drowsiness;
• flatulence;
• the appearance of cracks in the corners of the mouth;
• the formation of kidney stones;
• hair loss;
• depressive conditions;
• stomatitis;
• dry skin;
• insomnia;
• conjunctivitis.

For babies, there are special symptoms of pyridoxine deficiency:

• excessive excitability;
• growth retardation;
• disorders of the gastrointestinal tract;
• convulsions similar to epileptic.

Lack of pyridoxine can cause anemia. Dermatitis (especially seborrheic type), glossitis.

If you constantly use dosages significantly higher than the recommended ones, neuralgic disorders may appear. In addition, there is anxiety during sleep and overly vivid dream images. Hypervitaminosis reduces the amount of protein in the muscles and can cause dizziness and confusion. Symptomatic treatment is performed with a decrease in the amount of the compound used.

Pyridoxine affects the absorption of vitamin B12. It is a component important for the formation of hydrochloric acid in the body and compounds containing magnesium.

When treating arthritis with penicillamine, it is advisable to add pyridoxine to the diet. Vitamin B12 is poorly combined with levodopa preparations, therefore, if this substance is used in the therapy of Parkinson's disease, it is advisable to reduce the use of pyridoxine.

Vitamin B6 has a beneficial effect on the activity of the cardiovascular system in combination with thiamine, vitamins B9 and B12. The complex prevents the development of ischemic disease, myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis.

Vitamin B6 has a significant effect on the body: its deficiency can provoke anemia, neuralgic and skin abnormalities, problems with sleep and metabolism. Pyridoxine is a therapeutic agent in the treatment and prevention of hepatitis, sleep problems and motion sickness. It is important not to allow a lack of substance, as this can provoke many dangerous deviations.

Pyridoxine, pyridoxal and pyridoxamine are related compounds with similar physiological properties. They are all forms of vitamin B6, although the vitamin itself is usually called pyridoxy. With a deficiency of vitamin B6, seborrheic dermatitis around the eyes, nose and mouth, seizures, stomatitis, glossitis, blepharitis are observed. More importantly, however, pyridoxine deficiency can cause seizures.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

All forms of vitamin B6 are well absorbed in the digestive tract. Pyridoxine is rapidly metabolized to pyridoxal, pyridoxal phosphate, and 4-pyridoxic acid. Pyridoxal phosphate accounts for about 60% of the vitamin B6 in the body. Basically, vitamin B6 is excreted by the kidneys in the form of 4-pyridoxic acid, and only 7% is excreted by the kidneys unchanged.

The active form is pyridoxal phosphate. It participates as a co-fermeng in the synthesis of GABA, the main inhibitory mediator of the central nervous system. Decreased synthesis of GABA with pyridoxine deficiency can be the cause of epileptic seizures. Isoniazid and other hydrazines inhibit the enzyme that converts pyridoxine to pyridoxal phosphate.

Pathophysiology

An overdose of vitamin B6 is characterized by neurological symptoms. What lies behind it is not completely clear. Sensitive nerves are especially vulnerable due to the fact that their vessels are highly permeable and there is no protective mechanism similar to the blood-brain barrier. Central neurons are relatively protected from the toxic effects of pyridoxine, since pyridoxine enters the central nervous system through a saturable mechanism.

Symptoms of a vitamin B6 overdose

Chronic overdose of pyridoxine (2-6 g / day for 2-40 months) will lead to progressive sensory ataxia and severe disturbances in vibration and propriopeptive sensitivity in the distal extremities. Tactile, pain and temperature sensitivity may be almost intact, but tendon reflexes may be reduced or absent altogether. Such neuropathy with an overdose of vitamin B6 has been described even with such low doses of pyridoxine as 200 mg / day. As a rule, after the withdrawal of pyridoxine, the symptoms disappear after a few months, however, further deterioration is possible in the first 2-3 weeks.

With a large dose of pyridoxine, taken once or over several days, acute nerve damage is possible. Two cases of overdose are described, when the intravenous administration of 2 g / kg of pyridoxine led to irreversible changes in the spinal ganglia.

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